Farmers' use of plantation intelligence (PI) and data mining technologies has increased, and waste of resources and manpower has decreased. The field of irrigation systems will dominate the market for intelligent planting management systems, by value. The intelligent irrigation system can control and monitor the progress of water use in growing crops based on data collected by sensors. In addition, the use of smart irrigation systems reduces the amount of water required for irrigation, thereby reducing operating costs, especially for large agricultural fields. According to tests by the Irrigation Association (IA) and the International Center for Water Technology (California), smart irrigation systems save about 20% more water than traditional irrigation systems, which is one of the main factors driving their market demand.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System. This report contains market size and forecasts of Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System in global, including the following market information:
Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2035, ($ millions)
Global top five companies in 2022 (%)
The global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2035, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is to reach $ Million.
Hardware Segment to Reach $ Million by 2035, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System include Robert Bosch, Deere & Company, Netafim, Synelixis Solutions, DTN, AgroWebLab, SemiosBio Technologies and WaterBit, etc. in 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2035 ($ millions)
Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Hardware
Software
Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2035 ($ millions)
Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Oilseeds
Sugarcane
Cotton
Fruits
Others
Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2035 ($ Millions)
Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Robert Bosch
Deere & Company
Netafim
Synelixis Solutions
DTN
AgroWebLab
SemiosBio Technologies
WaterBit
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size: 2022 VS 2035
2.2 Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2035
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2035
4.1.2 Hardware
4.1.3 Software
4.2 By Type - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, 2024-2035
4.2.3 By Type - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, 2022 & 2035
5.1.2 Oilseeds
5.1.3 Sugarcane
5.1.4 Cotton
5.1.5 Fruits
5.1.6 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, 2024-2035
5.2.3 By Application - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, 2022 & 2035
6.2 By Region - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, 2024-2035
6.2.3 By Region - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, 2018-2035
6.3.2 US Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, 2018-2035
6.3.3 Canada Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, 2018-2035
6.3.4 Mexico Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, 2018-2035
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, 2018-2035
6.4.2 Germany Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, 2018-2035
6.4.3 France Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, 2018-2035
6.4.4 U.K. Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, 2018-2035
6.4.5 Italy Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, 2018-2035
6.4.6 Russia Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, 2018-2035
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, 2018-2035
6.4.8 Benelux Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, 2018-2035
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, 2018-2035
6.5.2 China Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, 2018-2035
6.5.3 Japan Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, 2018-2035
6.5.4 South Korea Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, 2018-2035
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, 2018-2035
6.5.6 India Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, 2018-2035
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, 2018-2035
6.6.2 Brazil Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, 2018-2035
6.6.3 Argentina Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, 2018-2035
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, 2018-2035
6.7.2 Turkey Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, 2018-2035
6.7.3 Israel Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, 2018-2035
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, 2018-2035
6.7.5 UAE Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size, 2018-2035
7 Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Companies Profiles
7.1 Robert Bosch
7.1.1 Robert Bosch Company Summary
7.1.2 Robert Bosch Business Overview
7.1.3 Robert Bosch Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Robert Bosch Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Robert Bosch Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Deere & Company
7.2.1 Deere & Company Company Summary
7.2.2 Deere & Company Business Overview
7.2.3 Deere & Company Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Deere & Company Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Deere & Company Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Netafim
7.3.1 Netafim Company Summary
7.3.2 Netafim Business Overview
7.3.3 Netafim Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Netafim Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Netafim Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Synelixis Solutions
7.4.1 Synelixis Solutions Company Summary
7.4.2 Synelixis Solutions Business Overview
7.4.3 Synelixis Solutions Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Synelixis Solutions Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Synelixis Solutions Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 DTN
7.5.1 DTN Company Summary
7.5.2 DTN Business Overview
7.5.3 DTN Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 DTN Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 DTN Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 AgroWebLab
7.6.1 AgroWebLab Company Summary
7.6.2 AgroWebLab Business Overview
7.6.3 AgroWebLab Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 AgroWebLab Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 AgroWebLab Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 SemiosBio Technologies
7.7.1 SemiosBio Technologies Company Summary
7.7.2 SemiosBio Technologies Business Overview
7.7.3 SemiosBio Technologies Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 SemiosBio Technologies Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 SemiosBio Technologies Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 WaterBit
7.8.1 WaterBit Company Summary
7.8.2 WaterBit Business Overview
7.8.3 WaterBit Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 WaterBit Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 WaterBit Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System in Global Market
Table 5. Top Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2035
Table 12. By Type - Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 14. By Application ? Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2035
Table 15. By Application - Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 17. By Region ? Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2035
Table 18. By Region - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 20. By Country - North America Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 22. By Country - Europe Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 24. By Region - Asia Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 26. By Country - South America Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2035
Table 30. Robert Bosch Company Summary
Table 31. Robert Bosch Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Product Offerings
Table 32. Robert Bosch Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. Robert Bosch Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. Deere & Company Company Summary
Table 35. Deere & Company Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Product Offerings
Table 36. Deere & Company Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. Deere & Company Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. Netafim Company Summary
Table 39. Netafim Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Product Offerings
Table 40. Netafim Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. Netafim Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. Synelixis Solutions Company Summary
Table 43. Synelixis Solutions Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Product Offerings
Table 44. Synelixis Solutions Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. Synelixis Solutions Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. DTN Company Summary
Table 47. DTN Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Product Offerings
Table 48. DTN Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. DTN Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. AgroWebLab Company Summary
Table 51. AgroWebLab Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Product Offerings
Table 52. AgroWebLab Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. AgroWebLab Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. SemiosBio Technologies Company Summary
Table 55. SemiosBio Technologies Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Product Offerings
Table 56. SemiosBio Technologies Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. SemiosBio Technologies Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. WaterBit Company Summary
Table 59. WaterBit Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Product Offerings
Table 60. WaterBit Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. WaterBit Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Market Size: 2022 VS 2035 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, 2018-2035 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 9. By Application - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 10. By Type - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2035
Figure 11. By Type - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 12. By Application - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2035
Figure 13. By Application - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 14. By Region - Global Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 15. By Country - North America Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 16. US Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 17. Canada Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 18. Mexico Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 20. Germany Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 21. France Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 22. U.K. Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 23. Italy Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 24. Russia Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 26. Benelux Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 28. China Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 29. Japan Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 30. South Korea Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 32. India Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 33. By Country - South America Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 34. Brazil Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 35. Argentina Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue Market Share, 2018-2035
Figure 37. Turkey Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 38. Israel Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 40. UAE Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2035
Figure 41. Robert Bosch Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. Deere & Company Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. Netafim Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. Synelixis Solutions Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. DTN Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. AgroWebLab Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. SemiosBio Technologies Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. WaterBit Intelligent Planting Irrigation Management System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
