table of content
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size: 2023 VS 2030
2.2 Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2019-2030
2.3 Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales: 2019-2030
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Price by Manufacturer (2019-2024)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2023
3.7 Global Manufacturers Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size Markets, 2023 & 2030
4.1.2 Purity?99%
4.1.3 Purity<99%
4.2 By Type - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Revenue, 2019-2024
4.2.2 By Type - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Revenue, 2025-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
4.3 By Type - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales, 2019-2024
4.3.2 By Type - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales, 2025-2030
4.3.3 By Type - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales Market Share, 2019-2030
4.4 By Type - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2019-2030
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size, 2023 & 2030
5.1.2 Capsule
5.1.3 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Revenue, 2019-2024
5.2.2 By Application - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Revenue, 2025-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
5.3 By Application - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales, 2019-2024
5.3.2 By Application - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales, 2025-2030
5.3.3 By Application - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales Market Share, 2019-2030
5.4 By Application - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2019-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size, 2023 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Revenue, 2019-2024
6.2.2 By Region - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Revenue, 2025-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030
6.3 By Region - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales, 2019-2024
6.3.2 By Region - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales, 2025-2030
6.3.3 By Region - Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales Market Share, 2019-2030
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Revenue, 2019-2030
6.4.2 By Country - North America Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales, 2019-2030
6.4.3 US Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.4 Canada Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size, 2019-2030
6.4.5 Mexico Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Revenue, 2019-2030
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales, 2019-2030
6.5.3 Germany Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.4 France Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.5 U.K. Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.6 Italy Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.7 Russia Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size, 2019-2030
6.5.9 Benelux Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size, 2019-2030
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Revenue, 2019-2030
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales, 2019-2030
6.6.3 China Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size, 2019-2030
6.6.4 Japan Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size, 2019-2030
6.6.5 South Korea Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size, 2019-2030
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size, 2019-2030
6.6.7 India Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Revenue, 2019-2030
6.7.2 By Country - South America Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales, 2019-2030
6.7.3 Brazil Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size, 2019-2030
6.7.4 Argentina Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size, 2019-2030
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Revenue, 2019-2030
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales, 2019-2030
6.8.3 Turkey Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size, 2019-2030
6.8.4 Israel Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size, 2019-2030
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size, 2019-2030
6.8.6 UAE Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Market Size, 2019-2030
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Shilpa Pharma Lifesciences Ltd
7.1.1 Shilpa Pharma Lifesciences Ltd Company Summary
7.1.2 Shilpa Pharma Lifesciences Ltd Business Overview
7.1.3 Shilpa Pharma Lifesciences Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Shilpa Pharma Lifesciences Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.1.5 Shilpa Pharma Lifesciences Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Honour Lab Ltd
7.2.1 Honour Lab Ltd Company Summary
7.2.2 Honour Lab Ltd Business Overview
7.2.3 Honour Lab Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Honour Lab Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.2.5 Honour Lab Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Dr Reddys Laboratories Ltd
7.3.1 Dr Reddys Laboratories Ltd Company Summary
7.3.2 Dr Reddys Laboratories Ltd Business Overview
7.3.3 Dr Reddys Laboratories Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Dr Reddys Laboratories Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.3.5 Dr Reddys Laboratories Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Msn Organics Private Ltd
7.4.1 Msn Organics Private Ltd Company Summary
7.4.2 Msn Organics Private Ltd Business Overview
7.4.3 Msn Organics Private Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Msn Organics Private Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.4.5 Msn Organics Private Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Biophore India Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd
7.5.1 Biophore India Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd Company Summary
7.5.2 Biophore India Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd Business Overview
7.5.3 Biophore India Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Biophore India Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.5.5 Biophore India Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Mylan Laboratories Ltd
7.6.1 Mylan Laboratories Ltd Company Summary
7.6.2 Mylan Laboratories Ltd Business Overview
7.6.3 Mylan Laboratories Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Mylan Laboratories Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.6.5 Mylan Laboratories Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Arevipharma Gmbh
7.7.1 Arevipharma Gmbh Company Summary
7.7.2 Arevipharma Gmbh Business Overview
7.7.3 Arevipharma Gmbh Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Arevipharma Gmbh Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.7.5 Arevipharma Gmbh Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Glenmark Life Sciences Ltd
7.8.1 Glenmark Life Sciences Ltd Company Summary
7.8.2 Glenmark Life Sciences Ltd Business Overview
7.8.3 Glenmark Life Sciences Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Glenmark Life Sciences Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.8.5 Glenmark Life Sciences Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Vasudha Pharma Chem Ltd
7.9.1 Vasudha Pharma Chem Ltd Company Summary
7.9.2 Vasudha Pharma Chem Ltd Business Overview
7.9.3 Vasudha Pharma Chem Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Vasudha Pharma Chem Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.9.5 Vasudha Pharma Chem Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Amoli Organics Private Ltd
7.10.1 Amoli Organics Private Ltd Company Summary
7.10.2 Amoli Organics Private Ltd Business Overview
7.10.3 Amoli Organics Private Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Amoli Organics Private Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.10.5 Amoli Organics Private Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 Laboratorium Ofichem Bv
7.11.1 Laboratorium Ofichem Bv Company Summary
7.11.2 Laboratorium Ofichem Bv Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Business Overview
7.11.3 Laboratorium Ofichem Bv Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Laboratorium Ofichem Bv Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.11.5 Laboratorium Ofichem Bv Key News & Latest Developments
7.12 Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd
7.12.1 Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd Company Summary
7.12.2 Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Business Overview
7.12.3 Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.12.5 Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.13 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd
7.13.1 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd Company Summary
7.13.2 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Business Overview
7.13.3 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.13.4 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.13.5 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.14 Micro Labs Ltd
7.14.1 Micro Labs Ltd Company Summary
7.14.2 Micro Labs Ltd Business Overview
7.14.3 Micro Labs Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.14.4 Micro Labs Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.14.5 Micro Labs Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.15 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd
7.15.1 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd Company Summary
7.15.2 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd Business Overview
7.15.3 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.15.4 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.15.5 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.16 Granules India Ltd
7.16.1 Granules India Ltd Company Summary
7.16.2 Granules India Ltd Business Overview
7.16.3 Granules India Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.16.4 Granules India Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.16.5 Granules India Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.17 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd
7.17.1 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd Company Summary
7.17.2 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd Business Overview
7.17.3 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.17.4 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.17.5 Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.18 Aurobindo Pharma Ltd
7.18.1 Aurobindo Pharma Ltd Company Summary
7.18.2 Aurobindo Pharma Ltd Business Overview
7.18.3 Aurobindo Pharma Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.18.4 Aurobindo Pharma Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.18.5 Aurobindo Pharma Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.19 Alkem Laboratories Ltd
7.19.1 Alkem Laboratories Ltd Company Summary
7.19.2 Alkem Laboratories Ltd Business Overview
7.19.3 Alkem Laboratories Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.19.4 Alkem Laboratories Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.19.5 Alkem Laboratories Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.20 Zydus Lifesciences Ltd
7.20.1 Zydus Lifesciences Ltd Company Summary
7.20.2 Zydus Lifesciences Ltd Business Overview
7.20.3 Zydus Lifesciences Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.20.4 Zydus Lifesciences Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.20.5 Zydus Lifesciences Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.21 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Ltd
7.21.1 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Ltd Company Summary
7.21.2 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Ltd Business Overview
7.21.3 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.21.4 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.21.5 Macleods Pharmaceuticals Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.22 Unichem Laboratories Ltd
7.22.1 Unichem Laboratories Ltd Company Summary
7.22.2 Unichem Laboratories Ltd Business Overview
7.22.3 Unichem Laboratories Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.22.4 Unichem Laboratories Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.22.5 Unichem Laboratories Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.23 Raks Pharma Pvt Ltd
7.23.1 Raks Pharma Pvt Ltd Company Summary
7.23.2 Raks Pharma Pvt Ltd Business Overview
7.23.3 Raks Pharma Pvt Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.23.4 Raks Pharma Pvt Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.23.5 Raks Pharma Pvt Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.24 Optimus Drugs Private Ltd
7.24.1 Optimus Drugs Private Ltd Company Summary
7.24.2 Optimus Drugs Private Ltd Business Overview
7.24.3 Optimus Drugs Private Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.24.4 Optimus Drugs Private Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.24.5 Optimus Drugs Private Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.25 Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
7.25.1 Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd Company Summary
7.25.2 Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd Business Overview
7.25.3 Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.25.4 Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.25.5 Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.26 Chongqing Huapont Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
7.26.1 Chongqing Huapont Pharmaceutical Co Ltd Company Summary
7.26.2 Chongqing Huapont Pharmaceutical Co Ltd Business Overview
7.26.3 Chongqing Huapont Pharmaceutical Co Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.26.4 Chongqing Huapont Pharmaceutical Co Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.26.5 Chongqing Huapont Pharmaceutical Co Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
7.27 Yabao Pharmaceutical Group Co Ltd
7.27.1 Yabao Pharmaceutical Group Co Ltd Company Summary
7.27.2 Yabao Pharmaceutical Group Co Ltd Business Overview
7.27.3 Yabao Pharmaceutical Group Co Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Major Product Offerings
7.27.4 Yabao Pharmaceutical Group Co Ltd Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024)
7.27.5 Yabao Pharmaceutical Group Co Ltd Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Production Capacity, 2019-2030
8.2 Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Industry Value Chain
10.2 Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Upstream Market
10.3 Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Pharmaceutical Grade Dimethyl Fumarate Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
