This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Commercial Medical Insurance, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Commercial Medical Insurance. This report contains market size and forecasts of Commercial Medical Insurance in global, including the following market information:
Global Commercial Medical Insurance Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2029, ($ millions)
Global top five companies in 2022 (%)
The global Commercial Medical Insurance market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is to reach $ Million.
Individual and Family Commercial Medical Insurance Products Segment to Reach $ Million by 2029, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Commercial Medical Insurance include Anthem, UnitedHealth Group, DKV, BUPA, Chinalife, Aetna, PICC, PingAn and Star Health & Allied Insurance, etc. in 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Commercial Medical Insurance companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Commercial Medical Insurance Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ millions)
Global Commercial Medical Insurance Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Individual and Family Commercial Medical Insurance Products
Group Commercial Medical Insurance Products
Global Commercial Medical Insurance Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ millions)
Global Commercial Medical Insurance Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Comprehensive Plan
Treatment and Care
Others
Global Commercial Medical Insurance Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2029 ($ Millions)
Global Commercial Medical Insurance Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Commercial Medical Insurance revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Commercial Medical Insurance revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Anthem
UnitedHealth Group
DKV
BUPA
Chinalife
Aetna
PICC
PingAn
Star Health & Allied Insurance
Cigna
Essential Med
Kunlun
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Commercial Medical Insurance, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Commercial Medical Insurance market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Commercial Medical Insurance company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Commercial Medical Insurance in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Commercial Medical Insurance Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Commercial Medical Insurance Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Commercial Medical Insurance Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Commercial Medical Insurance Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Commercial Medical Insurance Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Commercial Medical Insurance Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies Commercial Medical Insurance Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Commercial Medical Insurance Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Commercial Medical Insurance Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Commercial Medical Insurance Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 Individual and Family Commercial Medical Insurance Products
4.1.3 Group Commercial Medical Insurance Products
4.2 By Type - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 Comprehensive Plan
5.1.3 Treatment and Care
5.1.4 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, 2018-2029
6.3.2 US Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, 2018-2029
6.3.3 Canada Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, 2018-2029
6.3.4 Mexico Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 Germany Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.3 France Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 U.K. Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Italy Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.6 Russia Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.8 Benelux Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 China Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Japan Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 South Korea Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 India Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 Brazil Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.3 Argentina Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 Turkey Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Israel Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.5 UAE Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Commercial Medical Insurance Companies Profiles
7.1 Anthem
7.1.1 Anthem Company Summary
7.1.2 Anthem Business Overview
7.1.3 Anthem Commercial Medical Insurance Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Anthem Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Anthem Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 UnitedHealth Group
7.2.1 UnitedHealth Group Company Summary
7.2.2 UnitedHealth Group Business Overview
7.2.3 UnitedHealth Group Commercial Medical Insurance Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 UnitedHealth Group Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 UnitedHealth Group Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 DKV
7.3.1 DKV Company Summary
7.3.2 DKV Business Overview
7.3.3 DKV Commercial Medical Insurance Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 DKV Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 DKV Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 BUPA
7.4.1 BUPA Company Summary
7.4.2 BUPA Business Overview
7.4.3 BUPA Commercial Medical Insurance Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 BUPA Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 BUPA Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Chinalife
7.5.1 Chinalife Company Summary
7.5.2 Chinalife Business Overview
7.5.3 Chinalife Commercial Medical Insurance Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Chinalife Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Chinalife Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Aetna
7.6.1 Aetna Company Summary
7.6.2 Aetna Business Overview
7.6.3 Aetna Commercial Medical Insurance Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Aetna Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Aetna Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 PICC
7.7.1 PICC Company Summary
7.7.2 PICC Business Overview
7.7.3 PICC Commercial Medical Insurance Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 PICC Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 PICC Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 PingAn
7.8.1 PingAn Company Summary
7.8.2 PingAn Business Overview
7.8.3 PingAn Commercial Medical Insurance Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 PingAn Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 PingAn Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Star Health & Allied Insurance
7.9.1 Star Health & Allied Insurance Company Summary
7.9.2 Star Health & Allied Insurance Business Overview
7.9.3 Star Health & Allied Insurance Commercial Medical Insurance Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Star Health & Allied Insurance Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Star Health & Allied Insurance Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Cigna
7.10.1 Cigna Company Summary
7.10.2 Cigna Business Overview
7.10.3 Cigna Commercial Medical Insurance Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Cigna Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.10.5 Cigna Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 Essential Med
7.11.1 Essential Med Company Summary
7.11.2 Essential Med Business Overview
7.11.3 Essential Med Commercial Medical Insurance Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Essential Med Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.11.5 Essential Med Key News & Latest Developments
7.12 Kunlun
7.12.1 Kunlun Company Summary
7.12.2 Kunlun Business Overview
7.12.3 Kunlun Commercial Medical Insurance Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 Kunlun Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.12.5 Kunlun Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Commercial Medical Insurance Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Commercial Medical Insurance Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Commercial Medical Insurance Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Commercial Medical Insurance in Global Market
Table 5. Top Commercial Medical Insurance Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies Commercial Medical Insurance Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Commercial Medical Insurance Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Commercial Medical Insurance Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 12. By Type - Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 14. By Application ? Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 15. By Application - Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 17. By Region ? Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 18. By Region - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 20. By Country - North America Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 22. By Country - Europe Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 24. By Region - Asia Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 26. By Country - South America Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 30. Anthem Company Summary
Table 31. Anthem Commercial Medical Insurance Product Offerings
Table 32. Anthem Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. Anthem Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. UnitedHealth Group Company Summary
Table 35. UnitedHealth Group Commercial Medical Insurance Product Offerings
Table 36. UnitedHealth Group Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. UnitedHealth Group Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. DKV Company Summary
Table 39. DKV Commercial Medical Insurance Product Offerings
Table 40. DKV Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. DKV Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. BUPA Company Summary
Table 43. BUPA Commercial Medical Insurance Product Offerings
Table 44. BUPA Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. BUPA Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. Chinalife Company Summary
Table 47. Chinalife Commercial Medical Insurance Product Offerings
Table 48. Chinalife Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. Chinalife Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Aetna Company Summary
Table 51. Aetna Commercial Medical Insurance Product Offerings
Table 52. Aetna Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. Aetna Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. PICC Company Summary
Table 55. PICC Commercial Medical Insurance Product Offerings
Table 56. PICC Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. PICC Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. PingAn Company Summary
Table 59. PingAn Commercial Medical Insurance Product Offerings
Table 60. PingAn Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. PingAn Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Star Health & Allied Insurance Company Summary
Table 63. Star Health & Allied Insurance Commercial Medical Insurance Product Offerings
Table 64. Star Health & Allied Insurance Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 65. Star Health & Allied Insurance Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Cigna Company Summary
Table 67. Cigna Commercial Medical Insurance Product Offerings
Table 68. Cigna Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 69. Cigna Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Essential Med Company Summary
Table 71. Essential Med Commercial Medical Insurance Product Offerings
Table 72. Essential Med Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 73. Essential Med Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Kunlun Company Summary
Table 75. Kunlun Commercial Medical Insurance Product Offerings
Table 76. Kunlun Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 77. Kunlun Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Commercial Medical Insurance Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Commercial Medical Insurance Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Commercial Medical Insurance Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Commercial Medical Insurance Market Size: 2022 VS 2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, 2018-2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 9. By Application - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 10. By Type - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 11. By Type - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 12. By Application - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 13. By Application - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 14. By Region - Global Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 15. By Country - North America Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 16. US Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 17. Canada Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 18. Mexico Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 20. Germany Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 21. France Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 22. U.K. Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 23. Italy Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 24. Russia Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 26. Benelux Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 28. China Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 29. Japan Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 30. South Korea Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 32. India Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 33. By Country - South America Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 34. Brazil Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 35. Argentina Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 37. Turkey Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 38. Israel Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 40. UAE Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 41. Anthem Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. UnitedHealth Group Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. DKV Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. BUPA Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. Chinalife Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. Aetna Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. PICC Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. PingAn Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 49. Star Health & Allied Insurance Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 50. Cigna Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 51. Essential Med Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 52. Kunlun Commercial Medical Insurance Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
