This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Application Testing Services, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Application Testing Services. This report contains market size and forecasts of Application Testing Services in global, including the following market information:
Global Application Testing Services Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2032, ($ millions)
Global top five companies in 2022 (%)
The global Application Testing Services market was valued at US$ 32060 million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ 64210 million by 2029, at a CAGR of 10.4% during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is to reach $ Million.
Cloud Based Segment to Reach $ Million by 2029, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Application Testing Services include SQS, Accenture, Planit Software Testing, Cognizant, IBM, Cigniti, QualiTest Group, Capgemini and Planit Software Testing, etc. in 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Application Testing Services companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Application Testing Services Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2032 ($ millions)
Global Application Testing Services Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Cloud Based
Web Based
Global Application Testing Services Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2032 ($ millions)
Global Application Testing Services Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Large Enterprises
SMEs
Global Application Testing Services Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2032 ($ Millions)
Global Application Testing Services Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Application Testing Services revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Application Testing Services revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
SQS
Accenture
Planit Software Testing
Cognizant
IBM
Cigniti
QualiTest Group
Capgemini
Planit Software Testing
Cybage
DXC Technology
HCL Technologies
Tech Mahindra
CGI
UserZoom
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Application Testing Services, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Application Testing Services market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Application Testing Services company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Application Testing Services in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Application Testing Services Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Application Testing Services Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Application Testing Services Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Application Testing Services Market Size: 2022 VS 2032
2.2 Global Application Testing Services Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2032
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Application Testing Services Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Application Testing Services Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Application Testing Services Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Application Testing Services Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies Application Testing Services Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Application Testing Services Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Application Testing Services Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Application Testing Services Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Application Testing Services Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2032
4.1.2 Cloud Based
4.1.3 Web Based
4.2 By Type - Global Application Testing Services Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Application Testing Services Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Application Testing Services Revenue, 2024-2032
4.2.3 By Type - Global Application Testing Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Application Testing Services Market Size, 2022 & 2032
5.1.2 Large Enterprises
5.1.3 SMEs
5.2 By Application - Global Application Testing Services Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Application Testing Services Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Application Testing Services Revenue, 2024-2032
5.2.3 By Application - Global Application Testing Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Application Testing Services Market Size, 2022 & 2032
6.2 By Region - Global Application Testing Services Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Application Testing Services Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Application Testing Services Revenue, 2024-2032
6.2.3 By Region - Global Application Testing Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Application Testing Services Revenue, 2018-2032
6.3.2 US Application Testing Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.3.3 Canada Application Testing Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.3.4 Mexico Application Testing Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Application Testing Services Revenue, 2018-2032
6.4.2 Germany Application Testing Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.3 France Application Testing Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.4 U.K. Application Testing Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.5 Italy Application Testing Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.6 Russia Application Testing Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Application Testing Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.8 Benelux Application Testing Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Application Testing Services Revenue, 2018-2032
6.5.2 China Application Testing Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.3 Japan Application Testing Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.4 South Korea Application Testing Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Application Testing Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.6 India Application Testing Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Application Testing Services Revenue, 2018-2032
6.6.2 Brazil Application Testing Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6.3 Argentina Application Testing Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Application Testing Services Revenue, 2018-2032
6.7.2 Turkey Application Testing Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.3 Israel Application Testing Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Application Testing Services Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.5 UAE Application Testing Services Market Size, 2018-2032
7 Application Testing Services Companies Profiles
7.1 SQS
7.1.1 SQS Company Summary
7.1.2 SQS Business Overview
7.1.3 SQS Application Testing Services Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 SQS Application Testing Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 SQS Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Accenture
7.2.1 Accenture Company Summary
7.2.2 Accenture Business Overview
7.2.3 Accenture Application Testing Services Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Accenture Application Testing Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Accenture Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Planit Software Testing
7.3.1 Planit Software Testing Company Summary
7.3.2 Planit Software Testing Business Overview
7.3.3 Planit Software Testing Application Testing Services Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Planit Software Testing Application Testing Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Planit Software Testing Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Cognizant
7.4.1 Cognizant Company Summary
7.4.2 Cognizant Business Overview
7.4.3 Cognizant Application Testing Services Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Cognizant Application Testing Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Cognizant Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 IBM
7.5.1 IBM Company Summary
7.5.2 IBM Business Overview
7.5.3 IBM Application Testing Services Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 IBM Application Testing Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 IBM Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Cigniti
7.6.1 Cigniti Company Summary
7.6.2 Cigniti Business Overview
7.6.3 Cigniti Application Testing Services Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Cigniti Application Testing Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Cigniti Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 QualiTest Group
7.7.1 QualiTest Group Company Summary
7.7.2 QualiTest Group Business Overview
7.7.3 QualiTest Group Application Testing Services Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 QualiTest Group Application Testing Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 QualiTest Group Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Capgemini
7.8.1 Capgemini Company Summary
7.8.2 Capgemini Business Overview
7.8.3 Capgemini Application Testing Services Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Capgemini Application Testing Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Capgemini Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Planit Software Testing
7.9.1 Planit Software Testing Company Summary
7.9.2 Planit Software Testing Business Overview
7.9.3 Planit Software Testing Application Testing Services Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Planit Software Testing Application Testing Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Planit Software Testing Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Cybage
7.10.1 Cybage Company Summary
7.10.2 Cybage Business Overview
7.10.3 Cybage Application Testing Services Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Cybage Application Testing Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.10.5 Cybage Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 DXC Technology
7.11.1 DXC Technology Company Summary
7.11.2 DXC Technology Business Overview
7.11.3 DXC Technology Application Testing Services Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 DXC Technology Application Testing Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.11.5 DXC Technology Key News & Latest Developments
7.12 HCL Technologies
7.12.1 HCL Technologies Company Summary
7.12.2 HCL Technologies Business Overview
7.12.3 HCL Technologies Application Testing Services Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 HCL Technologies Application Testing Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.12.5 HCL Technologies Key News & Latest Developments
7.13 Tech Mahindra
7.13.1 Tech Mahindra Company Summary
7.13.2 Tech Mahindra Business Overview
7.13.3 Tech Mahindra Application Testing Services Major Product Offerings
7.13.4 Tech Mahindra Application Testing Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.13.5 Tech Mahindra Key News & Latest Developments
7.14 CGI
7.14.1 CGI Company Summary
7.14.2 CGI Business Overview
7.14.3 CGI Application Testing Services Major Product Offerings
7.14.4 CGI Application Testing Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.14.5 CGI Key News & Latest Developments
7.15 UserZoom
7.15.1 UserZoom Company Summary
7.15.2 UserZoom Business Overview
7.15.3 UserZoom Application Testing Services Major Product Offerings
7.15.4 UserZoom Application Testing Services Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.15.5 UserZoom Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Application Testing Services Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Application Testing Services Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Application Testing Services Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Application Testing Services in Global Market
Table 5. Top Application Testing Services Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global Application Testing Services Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global Application Testing Services Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies Application Testing Services Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Application Testing Services Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Application Testing Services Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 12. By Type - Application Testing Services Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Application Testing Services Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 14. By Application ? Global Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 15. By Application - Application Testing Services Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - Application Testing Services Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 17. By Region ? Global Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 18. By Region - Global Application Testing Services Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global Application Testing Services Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 20. By Country - North America Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 22. By Country - Europe Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 24. By Region - Asia Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 26. By Country - South America Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 30. SQS Company Summary
Table 31. SQS Application Testing Services Product Offerings
Table 32. SQS Application Testing Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. SQS Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. Accenture Company Summary
Table 35. Accenture Application Testing Services Product Offerings
Table 36. Accenture Application Testing Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. Accenture Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. Planit Software Testing Company Summary
Table 39. Planit Software Testing Application Testing Services Product Offerings
Table 40. Planit Software Testing Application Testing Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. Planit Software Testing Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. Cognizant Company Summary
Table 43. Cognizant Application Testing Services Product Offerings
Table 44. Cognizant Application Testing Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. Cognizant Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. IBM Company Summary
Table 47. IBM Application Testing Services Product Offerings
Table 48. IBM Application Testing Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. IBM Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Cigniti Company Summary
Table 51. Cigniti Application Testing Services Product Offerings
Table 52. Cigniti Application Testing Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. Cigniti Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. QualiTest Group Company Summary
Table 55. QualiTest Group Application Testing Services Product Offerings
Table 56. QualiTest Group Application Testing Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. QualiTest Group Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Capgemini Company Summary
Table 59. Capgemini Application Testing Services Product Offerings
Table 60. Capgemini Application Testing Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. Capgemini Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Planit Software Testing Company Summary
Table 63. Planit Software Testing Application Testing Services Product Offerings
Table 64. Planit Software Testing Application Testing Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 65. Planit Software Testing Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Cybage Company Summary
Table 67. Cybage Application Testing Services Product Offerings
Table 68. Cybage Application Testing Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 69. Cybage Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. DXC Technology Company Summary
Table 71. DXC Technology Application Testing Services Product Offerings
Table 72. DXC Technology Application Testing Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 73. DXC Technology Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. HCL Technologies Company Summary
Table 75. HCL Technologies Application Testing Services Product Offerings
Table 76. HCL Technologies Application Testing Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 77. HCL Technologies Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. Tech Mahindra Company Summary
Table 79. Tech Mahindra Application Testing Services Product Offerings
Table 80. Tech Mahindra Application Testing Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 81. Tech Mahindra Key News & Latest Developments
Table 82. CGI Company Summary
Table 83. CGI Application Testing Services Product Offerings
Table 84. CGI Application Testing Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 85. CGI Key News & Latest Developments
Table 86. UserZoom Company Summary
Table 87. UserZoom Application Testing Services Product Offerings
Table 88. UserZoom Application Testing Services Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 89. UserZoom Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Application Testing Services Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Application Testing Services Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Application Testing Services Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Application Testing Services Market Size: 2022 VS 2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Application Testing Services Revenue, 2018-2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Application Testing Services Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global Application Testing Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 9. By Application - Global Application Testing Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 10. By Type - Global Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 11. By Type - Global Application Testing Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 12. By Application - Global Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 13. By Application - Global Application Testing Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 14. By Region - Global Application Testing Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 15. By Country - North America Application Testing Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 16. US Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 17. Canada Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 18. Mexico Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Application Testing Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 20. Germany Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 21. France Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 22. U.K. Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 23. Italy Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 24. Russia Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 26. Benelux Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Application Testing Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 28. China Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 29. Japan Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 30. South Korea Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 32. India Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 33. By Country - South America Application Testing Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 34. Brazil Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 35. Argentina Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Application Testing Services Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 37. Turkey Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 38. Israel Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 40. UAE Application Testing Services Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 41. SQS Application Testing Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. Accenture Application Testing Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. Planit Software Testing Application Testing Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. Cognizant Application Testing Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. IBM Application Testing Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. Cigniti Application Testing Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. QualiTest Group Application Testing Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. Capgemini Application Testing Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 49. Planit Software Testing Application Testing Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 50. Cybage Application Testing Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 51. DXC Technology Application Testing Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 52. HCL Technologies Application Testing Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 53. Tech Mahindra Application Testing Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 54. CGI Application Testing Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 55. UserZoom Application Testing Services Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
