This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Complaint Management Software, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Complaint Management Software. This report contains market size and forecasts of Complaint Management Software in global, including the following market information:
Global Complaint Management Software Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2032, ($ millions)
Global top five companies in 2022 (%)
The global Complaint Management Software market was valued at US$ 1850.2 million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ 2805.1 million by 2029, at a CAGR of 6.1% during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is to reach $ Million.
Cloud Based Segment to Reach $ Million by 2029, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Complaint Management Software include Zendesk, Zoho Desk, Freshdesk, Instabug, Preferred Patron Loyalty, i-Sight, NABD System, Marker.io and Katabat, etc. in 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Complaint Management Software companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Complaint Management Software Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2032 ($ millions)
Global Complaint Management Software Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Cloud Based
Web Based
Global Complaint Management Software Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2032 ($ millions)
Global Complaint Management Software Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Large Enterprises
SMEs
Global Complaint Management Software Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2032 ($ Millions)
Global Complaint Management Software Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Complaint Management Software revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Complaint Management Software revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Zendesk
Zoho Desk
Freshdesk
Instabug
Preferred Patron Loyalty
i-Sight
NABD System
Marker.io
Katabat
eCasework
Complaints Pro
Intelex
Quantivate
RingCentral Engage
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Complaint Management Software, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Complaint Management Software market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Complaint Management Software company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Complaint Management Software in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Complaint Management Software Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Complaint Management Software Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Complaint Management Software Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Complaint Management Software Market Size: 2022 VS 2032
2.2 Global Complaint Management Software Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2032
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Complaint Management Software Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Complaint Management Software Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Complaint Management Software Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Complaint Management Software Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies Complaint Management Software Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Complaint Management Software Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Complaint Management Software Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Complaint Management Software Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Complaint Management Software Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2032
4.1.2 Cloud Based
4.1.3 Web Based
4.2 By Type - Global Complaint Management Software Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Complaint Management Software Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Complaint Management Software Revenue, 2024-2032
4.2.3 By Type - Global Complaint Management Software Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Complaint Management Software Market Size, 2022 & 2032
5.1.2 Large Enterprises
5.1.3 SMEs
5.2 By Application - Global Complaint Management Software Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Complaint Management Software Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Complaint Management Software Revenue, 2024-2032
5.2.3 By Application - Global Complaint Management Software Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Complaint Management Software Market Size, 2022 & 2032
6.2 By Region - Global Complaint Management Software Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Complaint Management Software Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Complaint Management Software Revenue, 2024-2032
6.2.3 By Region - Global Complaint Management Software Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Complaint Management Software Revenue, 2018-2032
6.3.2 US Complaint Management Software Market Size, 2018-2032
6.3.3 Canada Complaint Management Software Market Size, 2018-2032
6.3.4 Mexico Complaint Management Software Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Complaint Management Software Revenue, 2018-2032
6.4.2 Germany Complaint Management Software Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.3 France Complaint Management Software Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.4 U.K. Complaint Management Software Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.5 Italy Complaint Management Software Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.6 Russia Complaint Management Software Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Complaint Management Software Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.8 Benelux Complaint Management Software Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Complaint Management Software Revenue, 2018-2032
6.5.2 China Complaint Management Software Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.3 Japan Complaint Management Software Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.4 South Korea Complaint Management Software Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Complaint Management Software Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.6 India Complaint Management Software Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Complaint Management Software Revenue, 2018-2032
6.6.2 Brazil Complaint Management Software Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6.3 Argentina Complaint Management Software Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Complaint Management Software Revenue, 2018-2032
6.7.2 Turkey Complaint Management Software Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.3 Israel Complaint Management Software Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Complaint Management Software Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.5 UAE Complaint Management Software Market Size, 2018-2032
7 Complaint Management Software Companies Profiles
7.1 Zendesk
7.1.1 Zendesk Company Summary
7.1.2 Zendesk Business Overview
7.1.3 Zendesk Complaint Management Software Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Zendesk Complaint Management Software Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Zendesk Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Zoho Desk
7.2.1 Zoho Desk Company Summary
7.2.2 Zoho Desk Business Overview
7.2.3 Zoho Desk Complaint Management Software Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Zoho Desk Complaint Management Software Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Zoho Desk Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Freshdesk
7.3.1 Freshdesk Company Summary
7.3.2 Freshdesk Business Overview
7.3.3 Freshdesk Complaint Management Software Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Freshdesk Complaint Management Software Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Freshdesk Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Instabug
7.4.1 Instabug Company Summary
7.4.2 Instabug Business Overview
7.4.3 Instabug Complaint Management Software Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Instabug Complaint Management Software Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Instabug Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Preferred Patron Loyalty
7.5.1 Preferred Patron Loyalty Company Summary
7.5.2 Preferred Patron Loyalty Business Overview
7.5.3 Preferred Patron Loyalty Complaint Management Software Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Preferred Patron Loyalty Complaint Management Software Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Preferred Patron Loyalty Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 i-Sight
7.6.1 i-Sight Company Summary
7.6.2 i-Sight Business Overview
7.6.3 i-Sight Complaint Management Software Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 i-Sight Complaint Management Software Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 i-Sight Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 NABD System
7.7.1 NABD System Company Summary
7.7.2 NABD System Business Overview
7.7.3 NABD System Complaint Management Software Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 NABD System Complaint Management Software Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 NABD System Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Marker.io
7.8.1 Marker.io Company Summary
7.8.2 Marker.io Business Overview
7.8.3 Marker.io Complaint Management Software Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Marker.io Complaint Management Software Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Marker.io Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Katabat
7.9.1 Katabat Company Summary
7.9.2 Katabat Business Overview
7.9.3 Katabat Complaint Management Software Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Katabat Complaint Management Software Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Katabat Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 eCasework
7.10.1 eCasework Company Summary
7.10.2 eCasework Business Overview
7.10.3 eCasework Complaint Management Software Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 eCasework Complaint Management Software Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.10.5 eCasework Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 Complaints Pro
7.11.1 Complaints Pro Company Summary
7.11.2 Complaints Pro Business Overview
7.11.3 Complaints Pro Complaint Management Software Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Complaints Pro Complaint Management Software Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.11.5 Complaints Pro Key News & Latest Developments
7.12 Intelex
7.12.1 Intelex Company Summary
7.12.2 Intelex Business Overview
7.12.3 Intelex Complaint Management Software Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 Intelex Complaint Management Software Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.12.5 Intelex Key News & Latest Developments
7.13 Quantivate
7.13.1 Quantivate Company Summary
7.13.2 Quantivate Business Overview
7.13.3 Quantivate Complaint Management Software Major Product Offerings
7.13.4 Quantivate Complaint Management Software Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.13.5 Quantivate Key News & Latest Developments
7.14 RingCentral Engage
7.14.1 RingCentral Engage Company Summary
7.14.2 RingCentral Engage Business Overview
7.14.3 RingCentral Engage Complaint Management Software Major Product Offerings
7.14.4 RingCentral Engage Complaint Management Software Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.14.5 RingCentral Engage Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Complaint Management Software Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Complaint Management Software Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Complaint Management Software Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Complaint Management Software in Global Market
Table 5. Top Complaint Management Software Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global Complaint Management Software Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global Complaint Management Software Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies Complaint Management Software Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Complaint Management Software Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Complaint Management Software Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 12. By Type - Complaint Management Software Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Complaint Management Software Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 14. By Application ? Global Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 15. By Application - Complaint Management Software Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - Complaint Management Software Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 17. By Region ? Global Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 18. By Region - Global Complaint Management Software Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global Complaint Management Software Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 20. By Country - North America Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 22. By Country - Europe Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 24. By Region - Asia Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 26. By Country - South America Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 30. Zendesk Company Summary
Table 31. Zendesk Complaint Management Software Product Offerings
Table 32. Zendesk Complaint Management Software Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. Zendesk Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. Zoho Desk Company Summary
Table 35. Zoho Desk Complaint Management Software Product Offerings
Table 36. Zoho Desk Complaint Management Software Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. Zoho Desk Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. Freshdesk Company Summary
Table 39. Freshdesk Complaint Management Software Product Offerings
Table 40. Freshdesk Complaint Management Software Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. Freshdesk Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. Instabug Company Summary
Table 43. Instabug Complaint Management Software Product Offerings
Table 44. Instabug Complaint Management Software Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. Instabug Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. Preferred Patron Loyalty Company Summary
Table 47. Preferred Patron Loyalty Complaint Management Software Product Offerings
Table 48. Preferred Patron Loyalty Complaint Management Software Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. Preferred Patron Loyalty Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. i-Sight Company Summary
Table 51. i-Sight Complaint Management Software Product Offerings
Table 52. i-Sight Complaint Management Software Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. i-Sight Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. NABD System Company Summary
Table 55. NABD System Complaint Management Software Product Offerings
Table 56. NABD System Complaint Management Software Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. NABD System Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Marker.io Company Summary
Table 59. Marker.io Complaint Management Software Product Offerings
Table 60. Marker.io Complaint Management Software Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. Marker.io Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Katabat Company Summary
Table 63. Katabat Complaint Management Software Product Offerings
Table 64. Katabat Complaint Management Software Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 65. Katabat Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. eCasework Company Summary
Table 67. eCasework Complaint Management Software Product Offerings
Table 68. eCasework Complaint Management Software Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 69. eCasework Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Complaints Pro Company Summary
Table 71. Complaints Pro Complaint Management Software Product Offerings
Table 72. Complaints Pro Complaint Management Software Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 73. Complaints Pro Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Intelex Company Summary
Table 75. Intelex Complaint Management Software Product Offerings
Table 76. Intelex Complaint Management Software Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 77. Intelex Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. Quantivate Company Summary
Table 79. Quantivate Complaint Management Software Product Offerings
Table 80. Quantivate Complaint Management Software Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 81. Quantivate Key News & Latest Developments
Table 82. RingCentral Engage Company Summary
Table 83. RingCentral Engage Complaint Management Software Product Offerings
Table 84. RingCentral Engage Complaint Management Software Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 85. RingCentral Engage Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Complaint Management Software Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Complaint Management Software Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Complaint Management Software Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Complaint Management Software Market Size: 2022 VS 2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Complaint Management Software Revenue, 2018-2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Complaint Management Software Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global Complaint Management Software Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 9. By Application - Global Complaint Management Software Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 10. By Type - Global Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 11. By Type - Global Complaint Management Software Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 12. By Application - Global Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 13. By Application - Global Complaint Management Software Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 14. By Region - Global Complaint Management Software Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 15. By Country - North America Complaint Management Software Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 16. US Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 17. Canada Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 18. Mexico Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Complaint Management Software Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 20. Germany Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 21. France Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 22. U.K. Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 23. Italy Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 24. Russia Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 26. Benelux Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Complaint Management Software Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 28. China Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 29. Japan Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 30. South Korea Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 32. India Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 33. By Country - South America Complaint Management Software Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 34. Brazil Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 35. Argentina Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Complaint Management Software Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 37. Turkey Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 38. Israel Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 40. UAE Complaint Management Software Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 41. Zendesk Complaint Management Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. Zoho Desk Complaint Management Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. Freshdesk Complaint Management Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. Instabug Complaint Management Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. Preferred Patron Loyalty Complaint Management Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. i-Sight Complaint Management Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. NABD System Complaint Management Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. Marker.io Complaint Management Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 49. Katabat Complaint Management Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 50. eCasework Complaint Management Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 51. Complaints Pro Complaint Management Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 52. Intelex Complaint Management Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 53. Quantivate Complaint Management Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 54. RingCentral Engage Complaint Management Software Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
