This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service. This report contains market size and forecasts of Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service in global, including the following market information:
Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2032, ($ millions)
Global top five companies in 2022 (%)
The global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is to reach $ Million.
Annual License Segment to Reach $ Million by 2029, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service include Vmware, QEMU, Parallels Desktop, Oracle VM VirtualBox, Microsoft Windows Virtual PC, CrossOver and WineHQ, etc. in 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2032 ($ millions)
Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Annual License
Monthly License
Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2032 ($ millions)
Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Personal
Commercial
Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2032 ($ Millions)
Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Vmware
QEMU
Parallels Desktop
Oracle VM VirtualBox
Microsoft Windows Virtual PC
CrossOver
WineHQ
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size: 2022 VS 2032
2.2 Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2032
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2032
4.1.2 Annual License
4.1.3 Monthly License
4.2 By Type - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, 2024-2032
4.2.3 By Type - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, 2022 & 2032
5.1.2 Personal
5.1.3 Commercial
5.2 By Application - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, 2024-2032
5.2.3 By Application - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, 2022 & 2032
6.2 By Region - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, 2024-2032
6.2.3 By Region - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, 2018-2032
6.3.2 US Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, 2018-2032
6.3.3 Canada Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, 2018-2032
6.3.4 Mexico Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, 2018-2032
6.4.2 Germany Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.3 France Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.4 U.K. Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.5 Italy Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.6 Russia Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.8 Benelux Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, 2018-2032
6.5.2 China Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.3 Japan Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.4 South Korea Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.6 India Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, 2018-2032
6.6.2 Brazil Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6.3 Argentina Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, 2018-2032
6.7.2 Turkey Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.3 Israel Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.5 UAE Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size, 2018-2032
7 Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Companies Profiles
7.1 Vmware
7.1.1 Vmware Company Summary
7.1.2 Vmware Business Overview
7.1.3 Vmware Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Vmware Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Vmware Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 QEMU
7.2.1 QEMU Company Summary
7.2.2 QEMU Business Overview
7.2.3 QEMU Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 QEMU Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 QEMU Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Parallels Desktop
7.3.1 Parallels Desktop Company Summary
7.3.2 Parallels Desktop Business Overview
7.3.3 Parallels Desktop Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Parallels Desktop Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Parallels Desktop Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Oracle VM VirtualBox
7.4.1 Oracle VM VirtualBox Company Summary
7.4.2 Oracle VM VirtualBox Business Overview
7.4.3 Oracle VM VirtualBox Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Oracle VM VirtualBox Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Oracle VM VirtualBox Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Microsoft Windows Virtual PC
7.5.1 Microsoft Windows Virtual PC Company Summary
7.5.2 Microsoft Windows Virtual PC Business Overview
7.5.3 Microsoft Windows Virtual PC Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Microsoft Windows Virtual PC Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Microsoft Windows Virtual PC Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 CrossOver
7.6.1 CrossOver Company Summary
7.6.2 CrossOver Business Overview
7.6.3 CrossOver Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 CrossOver Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 CrossOver Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 WineHQ
7.7.1 WineHQ Company Summary
7.7.2 WineHQ Business Overview
7.7.3 WineHQ Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 WineHQ Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 WineHQ Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service in Global Market
Table 5. Top Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 12. By Type - Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 14. By Application ? Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 15. By Application - Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 17. By Region ? Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 18. By Region - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 20. By Country - North America Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 22. By Country - Europe Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 24. By Region - Asia Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 26. By Country - South America Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 30. Vmware Company Summary
Table 31. Vmware Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Product Offerings
Table 32. Vmware Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. Vmware Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. QEMU Company Summary
Table 35. QEMU Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Product Offerings
Table 36. QEMU Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. QEMU Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. Parallels Desktop Company Summary
Table 39. Parallels Desktop Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Product Offerings
Table 40. Parallels Desktop Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. Parallels Desktop Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. Oracle VM VirtualBox Company Summary
Table 43. Oracle VM VirtualBox Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Product Offerings
Table 44. Oracle VM VirtualBox Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. Oracle VM VirtualBox Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. Microsoft Windows Virtual PC Company Summary
Table 47. Microsoft Windows Virtual PC Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Product Offerings
Table 48. Microsoft Windows Virtual PC Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. Microsoft Windows Virtual PC Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. CrossOver Company Summary
Table 51. CrossOver Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Product Offerings
Table 52. CrossOver Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. CrossOver Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. WineHQ Company Summary
Table 55. WineHQ Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Product Offerings
Table 56. WineHQ Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. WineHQ Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Market Size: 2022 VS 2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, 2018-2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 9. By Application - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 10. By Type - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 11. By Type - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 12. By Application - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 13. By Application - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 14. By Region - Global Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 15. By Country - North America Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 16. US Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 17. Canada Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 18. Mexico Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 20. Germany Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 21. France Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 22. U.K. Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 23. Italy Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 24. Russia Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 26. Benelux Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 28. China Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 29. Japan Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 30. South Korea Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 32. India Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 33. By Country - South America Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 34. Brazil Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 35. Argentina Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 37. Turkey Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 38. Israel Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 40. UAE Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 41. Vmware Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. QEMU Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. Parallels Desktop Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. Oracle VM VirtualBox Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. Microsoft Windows Virtual PC Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. CrossOver Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. WineHQ Virtual Machine and Hardware Virtualization Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
