Pro audio refers to both an activity and a category of high quality, studio-grade audio equipment. Typically it encompasses?sound recording,?sound reinforcement system?setup and?audio mixing, and?studio music production?by trained?sound engineers,?audio engineers,?record producers, and audio technicians who work in?live event support?and recording using?audio mixers, recording equipment and sound reinforcement systems. In contrast,?consumer audio?equipment is a lower grade of gear which is used by regular people for the reproduction of sound in a private home on a?home stereo?or?home cinema?system.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Pro Audio, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Pro Audio. This report contains market size and forecasts of Pro Audio in global, including the following market information:
Global Pro Audio Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2032, ($ millions)
Global top five companies in 2022 (%)
The global Pro Audio market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is to reach $ Million.
Hardware Segment to Reach $ Million by 2029, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Pro Audio include Sennheiser, Yamaha, Audio-Tehcnica, Shure, AKG, Blue, Lewitt Audio, Sony and Takstar, etc. in 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Pro Audio companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Pro Audio Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2032 ($ millions)
Global Pro Audio Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Hardware
Software
Global Pro Audio Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2032 ($ millions)
Global Pro Audio Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Home Use
Commercial
Education
Government
Hospitality
Retail
Other
Global Pro Audio Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2032 ($ Millions)
Global Pro Audio Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Pro Audio revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Pro Audio revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
Sennheiser
Yamaha
Audio-Tehcnica
Shure
AKG
Blue
Lewitt Audio
Sony
Takstar
MIPRO
Allen&heath
TOA
Wisycom
Beyerdynamic
Lectrosonic
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Pro Audio, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Pro Audio market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Pro Audio company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Pro Audio in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Pro Audio Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Pro Audio Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Pro Audio Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Pro Audio Market Size: 2022 VS 2032
2.2 Global Pro Audio Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2032
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Pro Audio Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Pro Audio Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Pro Audio Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Pro Audio Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies Pro Audio Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Pro Audio Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Pro Audio Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Pro Audio Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Pro Audio Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2032
4.1.2 Hardware
4.1.3 Software
4.2 By Type - Global Pro Audio Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Pro Audio Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Pro Audio Revenue, 2024-2032
4.2.3 By Type - Global Pro Audio Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Pro Audio Market Size, 2022 & 2032
5.1.2 Home Use
5.1.3 Commercial
5.1.4 Education
5.1.5 Government
5.1.6 Hospitality
5.1.7 Retail
5.1.8 Other
5.2 By Application - Global Pro Audio Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Pro Audio Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Pro Audio Revenue, 2024-2032
5.2.3 By Application - Global Pro Audio Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Pro Audio Market Size, 2022 & 2032
6.2 By Region - Global Pro Audio Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Pro Audio Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Pro Audio Revenue, 2024-2032
6.2.3 By Region - Global Pro Audio Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Pro Audio Revenue, 2018-2032
6.3.2 US Pro Audio Market Size, 2018-2032
6.3.3 Canada Pro Audio Market Size, 2018-2032
6.3.4 Mexico Pro Audio Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Pro Audio Revenue, 2018-2032
6.4.2 Germany Pro Audio Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.3 France Pro Audio Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.4 U.K. Pro Audio Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.5 Italy Pro Audio Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.6 Russia Pro Audio Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Pro Audio Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.8 Benelux Pro Audio Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Pro Audio Revenue, 2018-2032
6.5.2 China Pro Audio Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.3 Japan Pro Audio Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.4 South Korea Pro Audio Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Pro Audio Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.6 India Pro Audio Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Pro Audio Revenue, 2018-2032
6.6.2 Brazil Pro Audio Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6.3 Argentina Pro Audio Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Pro Audio Revenue, 2018-2032
6.7.2 Turkey Pro Audio Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.3 Israel Pro Audio Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Pro Audio Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.5 UAE Pro Audio Market Size, 2018-2032
7 Pro Audio Companies Profiles
7.1 Sennheiser
7.1.1 Sennheiser Company Summary
7.1.2 Sennheiser Business Overview
7.1.3 Sennheiser Pro Audio Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Sennheiser Pro Audio Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Sennheiser Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Yamaha
7.2.1 Yamaha Company Summary
7.2.2 Yamaha Business Overview
7.2.3 Yamaha Pro Audio Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Yamaha Pro Audio Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Yamaha Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Audio-Tehcnica
7.3.1 Audio-Tehcnica Company Summary
7.3.2 Audio-Tehcnica Business Overview
7.3.3 Audio-Tehcnica Pro Audio Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Audio-Tehcnica Pro Audio Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Audio-Tehcnica Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Shure
7.4.1 Shure Company Summary
7.4.2 Shure Business Overview
7.4.3 Shure Pro Audio Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Shure Pro Audio Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Shure Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 AKG
7.5.1 AKG Company Summary
7.5.2 AKG Business Overview
7.5.3 AKG Pro Audio Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 AKG Pro Audio Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 AKG Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Blue
7.6.1 Blue Company Summary
7.6.2 Blue Business Overview
7.6.3 Blue Pro Audio Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Blue Pro Audio Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Blue Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Lewitt Audio
7.7.1 Lewitt Audio Company Summary
7.7.2 Lewitt Audio Business Overview
7.7.3 Lewitt Audio Pro Audio Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Lewitt Audio Pro Audio Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Lewitt Audio Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Sony
7.8.1 Sony Company Summary
7.8.2 Sony Business Overview
7.8.3 Sony Pro Audio Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Sony Pro Audio Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Sony Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Takstar
7.9.1 Takstar Company Summary
7.9.2 Takstar Business Overview
7.9.3 Takstar Pro Audio Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Takstar Pro Audio Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Takstar Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 MIPRO
7.10.1 MIPRO Company Summary
7.10.2 MIPRO Business Overview
7.10.3 MIPRO Pro Audio Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 MIPRO Pro Audio Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.10.5 MIPRO Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 Allen&heath
7.11.1 Allen&heath Company Summary
7.11.2 Allen&heath Business Overview
7.11.3 Allen&heath Pro Audio Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Allen&heath Pro Audio Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.11.5 Allen&heath Key News & Latest Developments
7.12 TOA
7.12.1 TOA Company Summary
7.12.2 TOA Business Overview
7.12.3 TOA Pro Audio Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 TOA Pro Audio Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.12.5 TOA Key News & Latest Developments
7.13 Wisycom
7.13.1 Wisycom Company Summary
7.13.2 Wisycom Business Overview
7.13.3 Wisycom Pro Audio Major Product Offerings
7.13.4 Wisycom Pro Audio Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.13.5 Wisycom Key News & Latest Developments
7.14 Beyerdynamic
7.14.1 Beyerdynamic Company Summary
7.14.2 Beyerdynamic Business Overview
7.14.3 Beyerdynamic Pro Audio Major Product Offerings
7.14.4 Beyerdynamic Pro Audio Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.14.5 Beyerdynamic Key News & Latest Developments
7.15 Lectrosonic
7.15.1 Lectrosonic Company Summary
7.15.2 Lectrosonic Business Overview
7.15.3 Lectrosonic Pro Audio Major Product Offerings
7.15.4 Lectrosonic Pro Audio Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.15.5 Lectrosonic Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Pro Audio Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Pro Audio Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Pro Audio Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Pro Audio in Global Market
Table 5. Top Pro Audio Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global Pro Audio Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global Pro Audio Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies Pro Audio Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Pro Audio Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Pro Audio Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 12. By Type - Pro Audio Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Pro Audio Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 14. By Application ? Global Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 15. By Application - Pro Audio Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - Pro Audio Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 17. By Region ? Global Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 18. By Region - Global Pro Audio Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global Pro Audio Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 20. By Country - North America Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 22. By Country - Europe Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 24. By Region - Asia Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 26. By Country - South America Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 30. Sennheiser Company Summary
Table 31. Sennheiser Pro Audio Product Offerings
Table 32. Sennheiser Pro Audio Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. Sennheiser Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. Yamaha Company Summary
Table 35. Yamaha Pro Audio Product Offerings
Table 36. Yamaha Pro Audio Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. Yamaha Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. Audio-Tehcnica Company Summary
Table 39. Audio-Tehcnica Pro Audio Product Offerings
Table 40. Audio-Tehcnica Pro Audio Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. Audio-Tehcnica Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. Shure Company Summary
Table 43. Shure Pro Audio Product Offerings
Table 44. Shure Pro Audio Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. Shure Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. AKG Company Summary
Table 47. AKG Pro Audio Product Offerings
Table 48. AKG Pro Audio Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. AKG Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Blue Company Summary
Table 51. Blue Pro Audio Product Offerings
Table 52. Blue Pro Audio Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. Blue Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Lewitt Audio Company Summary
Table 55. Lewitt Audio Pro Audio Product Offerings
Table 56. Lewitt Audio Pro Audio Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. Lewitt Audio Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Sony Company Summary
Table 59. Sony Pro Audio Product Offerings
Table 60. Sony Pro Audio Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. Sony Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Takstar Company Summary
Table 63. Takstar Pro Audio Product Offerings
Table 64. Takstar Pro Audio Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 65. Takstar Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. MIPRO Company Summary
Table 67. MIPRO Pro Audio Product Offerings
Table 68. MIPRO Pro Audio Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 69. MIPRO Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Allen&heath Company Summary
Table 71. Allen&heath Pro Audio Product Offerings
Table 72. Allen&heath Pro Audio Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 73. Allen&heath Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. TOA Company Summary
Table 75. TOA Pro Audio Product Offerings
Table 76. TOA Pro Audio Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 77. TOA Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. Wisycom Company Summary
Table 79. Wisycom Pro Audio Product Offerings
Table 80. Wisycom Pro Audio Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 81. Wisycom Key News & Latest Developments
Table 82. Beyerdynamic Company Summary
Table 83. Beyerdynamic Pro Audio Product Offerings
Table 84. Beyerdynamic Pro Audio Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 85. Beyerdynamic Key News & Latest Developments
Table 86. Lectrosonic Company Summary
Table 87. Lectrosonic Pro Audio Product Offerings
Table 88. Lectrosonic Pro Audio Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 89. Lectrosonic Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Pro Audio Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Pro Audio Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Pro Audio Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Pro Audio Market Size: 2022 VS 2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Pro Audio Revenue, 2018-2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Pro Audio Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global Pro Audio Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 9. By Application - Global Pro Audio Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 10. By Type - Global Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 11. By Type - Global Pro Audio Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 12. By Application - Global Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 13. By Application - Global Pro Audio Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 14. By Region - Global Pro Audio Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 15. By Country - North America Pro Audio Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 16. US Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 17. Canada Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 18. Mexico Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Pro Audio Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 20. Germany Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 21. France Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 22. U.K. Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 23. Italy Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 24. Russia Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 26. Benelux Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Pro Audio Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 28. China Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 29. Japan Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 30. South Korea Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 32. India Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 33. By Country - South America Pro Audio Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 34. Brazil Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 35. Argentina Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Pro Audio Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 37. Turkey Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 38. Israel Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 40. UAE Pro Audio Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 41. Sennheiser Pro Audio Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. Yamaha Pro Audio Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. Audio-Tehcnica Pro Audio Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. Shure Pro Audio Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. AKG Pro Audio Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. Blue Pro Audio Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. Lewitt Audio Pro Audio Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. Sony Pro Audio Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 49. Takstar Pro Audio Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 50. MIPRO Pro Audio Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 51. Allen&heath Pro Audio Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 52. TOA Pro Audio Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 53. Wisycom Pro Audio Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 54. Beyerdynamic Pro Audio Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 55. Lectrosonic Pro Audio Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
