This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Autosar Middleware, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Autosar Middleware. This report contains market size and forecasts of Autosar Middleware in global, including the following market information:
Global Autosar Middleware Market Revenue, 2018-2023, 2024-2030, ($ millions)
Global top five companies in 2022 (%)
The global Autosar Middleware market was valued at US$ million in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2022, While China is to reach $ Million.
Autorsar CP Segment to Reach $ Million by 2029, with a % CAGR in next six years.
The global key manufacturers of Autosar Middleware include VECTOR, ETAS, EB, REACHAUTO, ISoft Infrastructure Software, Jingwei Hirain Technologies, Huawei, Zebra Network Technology and Novauto, etc. in 2022, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Autosar Middleware companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Total Market by Segment:
Global Autosar Middleware Market, by Type, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ millions)
Global Autosar Middleware Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2022 (%)
Autorsar CP
Autorsar AP
Global Autosar Middleware Market, by Application, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ millions)
Global Autosar Middleware Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2022 (%)
Passenger Vehicle
Commercial Vehicle
Global Autosar Middleware Market, By Region and Country, 2018-2023, 2024-2030 ($ Millions)
Global Autosar Middleware Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2022 (%)
North America
US
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Benelux
Rest of Europe
Asia
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Rest of Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Israel
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Competitor Analysis
The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:
Key companies Autosar Middleware revenues in global market, 2018-2023 (estimated), ($ millions)
Key companies Autosar Middleware revenues share in global market, 2022 (%)
Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:
VECTOR
ETAS
EB
REACHAUTO
ISoft Infrastructure Software
Jingwei Hirain Technologies
Huawei
Zebra Network Technology
Novauto
Yingchi Technology
Untouch
HingeTech
Guoqi Intelligent Control (Beijing) Technology
Outline of Major Chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Autosar Middleware, market overview.
Chapter 2: Global Autosar Middleware market size in revenue.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Autosar Middleware company competitive landscape, revenue and market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Sales of Autosar Middleware in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: The main points and conclusions of the report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Autosar Middleware Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Autosar Middleware Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Autosar Middleware Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Autosar Middleware Market Size: 2022 VS 2030
2.2 Global Autosar Middleware Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2030
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Autosar Middleware Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Autosar Middleware Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Autosar Middleware Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Autosar Middleware Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.5 Global Companies Autosar Middleware Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Autosar Middleware Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Autosar Middleware Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Autosar Middleware Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Autosar Middleware Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2030
4.1.2 Autorsar CP
4.1.3 Autorsar AP
4.2 By Type - Global Autosar Middleware Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Autosar Middleware Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Autosar Middleware Revenue, 2024-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global Autosar Middleware Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Autosar Middleware Market Size, 2022 & 2030
5.1.2 Passenger Vehicle
5.1.3 Commercial Vehicle
5.2 By Application - Global Autosar Middleware Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Autosar Middleware Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Autosar Middleware Revenue, 2024-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global Autosar Middleware Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Autosar Middleware Market Size, 2022 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global Autosar Middleware Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Autosar Middleware Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Autosar Middleware Revenue, 2024-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global Autosar Middleware Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Autosar Middleware Revenue, 2018-2030
6.3.2 US Autosar Middleware Market Size, 2018-2030
6.3.3 Canada Autosar Middleware Market Size, 2018-2030
6.3.4 Mexico Autosar Middleware Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Autosar Middleware Revenue, 2018-2030
6.4.2 Germany Autosar Middleware Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.3 France Autosar Middleware Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.4 U.K. Autosar Middleware Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.5 Italy Autosar Middleware Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.6 Russia Autosar Middleware Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Autosar Middleware Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.8 Benelux Autosar Middleware Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Autosar Middleware Revenue, 2018-2030
6.5.2 China Autosar Middleware Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.3 Japan Autosar Middleware Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.4 South Korea Autosar Middleware Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Autosar Middleware Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.6 India Autosar Middleware Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Autosar Middleware Revenue, 2018-2030
6.6.2 Brazil Autosar Middleware Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.3 Argentina Autosar Middleware Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Autosar Middleware Revenue, 2018-2030
6.7.2 Turkey Autosar Middleware Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.3 Israel Autosar Middleware Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Autosar Middleware Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.5 UAE Autosar Middleware Market Size, 2018-2030
7 Autosar Middleware Companies Profiles
7.1 VECTOR
7.1.1 VECTOR Company Summary
7.1.2 VECTOR Business Overview
7.1.3 VECTOR Autosar Middleware Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 VECTOR Autosar Middleware Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.1.5 VECTOR Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 ETAS
7.2.1 ETAS Company Summary
7.2.2 ETAS Business Overview
7.2.3 ETAS Autosar Middleware Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 ETAS Autosar Middleware Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.2.5 ETAS Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 EB
7.3.1 EB Company Summary
7.3.2 EB Business Overview
7.3.3 EB Autosar Middleware Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 EB Autosar Middleware Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.3.5 EB Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 REACHAUTO
7.4.1 REACHAUTO Company Summary
7.4.2 REACHAUTO Business Overview
7.4.3 REACHAUTO Autosar Middleware Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 REACHAUTO Autosar Middleware Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.4.5 REACHAUTO Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 ISoft Infrastructure Software
7.5.1 ISoft Infrastructure Software Company Summary
7.5.2 ISoft Infrastructure Software Business Overview
7.5.3 ISoft Infrastructure Software Autosar Middleware Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 ISoft Infrastructure Software Autosar Middleware Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.5.5 ISoft Infrastructure Software Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Jingwei Hirain Technologies
7.6.1 Jingwei Hirain Technologies Company Summary
7.6.2 Jingwei Hirain Technologies Business Overview
7.6.3 Jingwei Hirain Technologies Autosar Middleware Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Jingwei Hirain Technologies Autosar Middleware Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Jingwei Hirain Technologies Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Huawei
7.7.1 Huawei Company Summary
7.7.2 Huawei Business Overview
7.7.3 Huawei Autosar Middleware Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Huawei Autosar Middleware Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Huawei Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Zebra Network Technology
7.8.1 Zebra Network Technology Company Summary
7.8.2 Zebra Network Technology Business Overview
7.8.3 Zebra Network Technology Autosar Middleware Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Zebra Network Technology Autosar Middleware Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Zebra Network Technology Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Novauto
7.9.1 Novauto Company Summary
7.9.2 Novauto Business Overview
7.9.3 Novauto Autosar Middleware Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Novauto Autosar Middleware Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Novauto Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Yingchi Technology
7.10.1 Yingchi Technology Company Summary
7.10.2 Yingchi Technology Business Overview
7.10.3 Yingchi Technology Autosar Middleware Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Yingchi Technology Autosar Middleware Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.10.5 Yingchi Technology Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 Untouch
7.11.1 Untouch Company Summary
7.11.2 Untouch Business Overview
7.11.3 Untouch Autosar Middleware Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Untouch Autosar Middleware Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.11.5 Untouch Key News & Latest Developments
7.12 HingeTech
7.12.1 HingeTech Company Summary
7.12.2 HingeTech Business Overview
7.12.3 HingeTech Autosar Middleware Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 HingeTech Autosar Middleware Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.12.5 HingeTech Key News & Latest Developments
7.13 Guoqi Intelligent Control (Beijing) Technology
7.13.1 Guoqi Intelligent Control (Beijing) Technology Company Summary
7.13.2 Guoqi Intelligent Control (Beijing) Technology Business Overview
7.13.3 Guoqi Intelligent Control (Beijing) Technology Autosar Middleware Major Product Offerings
7.13.4 Guoqi Intelligent Control (Beijing) Technology Autosar Middleware Revenue in Global Market (2018-2023)
7.13.5 Guoqi Intelligent Control (Beijing) Technology Key News & Latest Developments
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES
List of Tables
Table 1. Autosar Middleware Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Autosar Middleware Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Autosar Middleware Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Autosar Middleware in Global Market
Table 5. Top Autosar Middleware Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 6. Global Autosar Middleware Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 7. Global Autosar Middleware Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 8. Global Companies Autosar Middleware Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Autosar Middleware Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Autosar Middleware Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 12. By Type - Autosar Middleware Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Autosar Middleware Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 14. By Application ? Global Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 15. By Application - Autosar Middleware Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 16. By Application - Autosar Middleware Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 17. By Region ? Global Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 18. By Region - Global Autosar Middleware Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 19. By Region - Global Autosar Middleware Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 20. By Country - North America Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 21. By Country - North America Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 22. By Country - Europe Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Country - Europe Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 24. By Region - Asia Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Asia Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 26. By Country - South America Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - South America Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 30. VECTOR Company Summary
Table 31. VECTOR Autosar Middleware Product Offerings
Table 32. VECTOR Autosar Middleware Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 33. VECTOR Key News & Latest Developments
Table 34. ETAS Company Summary
Table 35. ETAS Autosar Middleware Product Offerings
Table 36. ETAS Autosar Middleware Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 37. ETAS Key News & Latest Developments
Table 38. EB Company Summary
Table 39. EB Autosar Middleware Product Offerings
Table 40. EB Autosar Middleware Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 41. EB Key News & Latest Developments
Table 42. REACHAUTO Company Summary
Table 43. REACHAUTO Autosar Middleware Product Offerings
Table 44. REACHAUTO Autosar Middleware Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 45. REACHAUTO Key News & Latest Developments
Table 46. ISoft Infrastructure Software Company Summary
Table 47. ISoft Infrastructure Software Autosar Middleware Product Offerings
Table 48. ISoft Infrastructure Software Autosar Middleware Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 49. ISoft Infrastructure Software Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Jingwei Hirain Technologies Company Summary
Table 51. Jingwei Hirain Technologies Autosar Middleware Product Offerings
Table 52. Jingwei Hirain Technologies Autosar Middleware Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 53. Jingwei Hirain Technologies Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Huawei Company Summary
Table 55. Huawei Autosar Middleware Product Offerings
Table 56. Huawei Autosar Middleware Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 57. Huawei Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Zebra Network Technology Company Summary
Table 59. Zebra Network Technology Autosar Middleware Product Offerings
Table 60. Zebra Network Technology Autosar Middleware Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 61. Zebra Network Technology Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Novauto Company Summary
Table 63. Novauto Autosar Middleware Product Offerings
Table 64. Novauto Autosar Middleware Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 65. Novauto Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Yingchi Technology Company Summary
Table 67. Yingchi Technology Autosar Middleware Product Offerings
Table 68. Yingchi Technology Autosar Middleware Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 69. Yingchi Technology Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Untouch Company Summary
Table 71. Untouch Autosar Middleware Product Offerings
Table 72. Untouch Autosar Middleware Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 73. Untouch Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. HingeTech Company Summary
Table 75. HingeTech Autosar Middleware Product Offerings
Table 76. HingeTech Autosar Middleware Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 77. HingeTech Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. Guoqi Intelligent Control (Beijing) Technology Company Summary
Table 79. Guoqi Intelligent Control (Beijing) Technology Autosar Middleware Product Offerings
Table 80. Guoqi Intelligent Control (Beijing) Technology Autosar Middleware Revenue (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Table 81. Guoqi Intelligent Control (Beijing) Technology Key News & Latest Developments
List of Figures
Figure 1. Autosar Middleware Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Autosar Middleware Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Autosar Middleware Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Autosar Middleware Market Size: 2022 VS 2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Autosar Middleware Revenue, 2018-2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Autosar Middleware Revenue in 2022
Figure 8. By Type - Global Autosar Middleware Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 9. By Application - Global Autosar Middleware Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 10. By Type - Global Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 11. By Type - Global Autosar Middleware Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 12. By Application - Global Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 13. By Application - Global Autosar Middleware Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 14. By Region - Global Autosar Middleware Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 15. By Country - North America Autosar Middleware Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 16. US Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 17. Canada Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 18. Mexico Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 19. By Country - Europe Autosar Middleware Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 20. Germany Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 21. France Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 22. U.K. Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 23. Italy Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 24. Russia Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 25. Nordic Countries Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 26. Benelux Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 27. By Region - Asia Autosar Middleware Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 28. China Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 29. Japan Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 30. South Korea Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 31. Southeast Asia Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 32. India Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 33. By Country - South America Autosar Middleware Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 34. Brazil Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 35. Argentina Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 36. By Country - Middle East & Africa Autosar Middleware Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 37. Turkey Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 38. Israel Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 39. Saudi Arabia Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 40. UAE Autosar Middleware Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 41. VECTOR Autosar Middleware Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 42. ETAS Autosar Middleware Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 43. EB Autosar Middleware Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 44. REACHAUTO Autosar Middleware Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 45. ISoft Infrastructure Software Autosar Middleware Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 46. Jingwei Hirain Technologies Autosar Middleware Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 47. Huawei Autosar Middleware Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 48. Zebra Network Technology Autosar Middleware Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 49. Novauto Autosar Middleware Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 50. Yingchi Technology Autosar Middleware Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 51. Untouch Autosar Middleware Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 52. HingeTech Autosar Middleware Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
Figure 53. Guoqi Intelligent Control (Beijing) Technology Autosar Middleware Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2018-2023)
